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redis（Springboot中封装整合redis,java程序如何操作redis的5种基本数据类型）

平常测试 redis 操作命令，可能用的是 cmd 窗口 操作 redis，记录一下 java 程序操作 reids，

 操作 redis 的方法 可以用 Jedis ，在 springboot 提供了两种 方法操作 RedisTemplate 和 StringRedisTemplate 两种方法的区别 可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/yifanSJ/article/details/79513179

 当然 springboot 中也可以使用 Jedis ，本次记录的是 如何使用 RedisTemplate 操作 reids 的 5 种基本数据类型

  1.  在项目的 pom 文件中导入 操作 redis 所需要的依赖：
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-redis</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-redis</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">properties</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">java.version</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>1.8<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">java.version</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">properties</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependencies</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-data-redis<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-web<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>mysql<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>mysql-connector-java<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">scope</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>runtime<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">scope</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-test<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">scope</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>test<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">scope</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.directory.studio/org.apache.commons.lang </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">--&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.apache.directory.studio<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.apache.commons.lang<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">version</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>2.6<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">version</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>redis.clients<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>jedis<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> &lt;version&gt;2.9.0&lt;/version&gt; </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">--&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependencies</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">build</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">plugins</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">plugin</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
            <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
            <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">plugin</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">plugins</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">build</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&gt;</span>

    

    </project>

     

  2. 新建 RedisTemplateUtil  注入 RedisTemplate 
    package com.example.demo.redisutil;

    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Map.Entry;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    

    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    

    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
    

    @Component
    public class RedisTemplateUtil {
    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

     

  3. 使用 RedisTemplate  操作 String 类型的数据：
      1, 将 String 类型存入到 Redis 当中： 
    /**
     * redisTemplate 操作普通字符串 (存值)
     * 
     * @param key
     * @param value
     */
    public void redisSetString(String key, String value) {redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
    }

    2, 从 redis 当中取出 String 类型的数据：

    /**
     * redisTemplate 操作普通字符串 （取值）
     * 
     * @param key
     */
    public Object redisGetString(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);

    }</span></pre>

    3. 设置 reids key 的过期时间 (原来出现过设置过期时间不起作用，是因为先设置了过期时间 在去存入值到 redis)：

        /**
     * 
     * 指定缓存失效时间
     * 
     * @param key
     *            键
     * 
     * @param time
     *            时间 (秒)
     * 
     * @return
     * 
     */

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">boolean</span> expire(String key, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">long</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> time) {
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (time &gt; 0<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
            redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">catch</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (Exception e) {

        e.printStackTrace();

        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    }

}</span></pre>

     

  4. 使用 RedisTemplate  操作 List 类型的数据：
     1, 将 list 类型存入到 Redis 当中：
        /**
     * 将一个 list 集合存放到 redis 当中
     * 
     * @param key
     */
    public void redisSetList(String key) {
        List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(9, 2, 3, 4);
        for (Integer integer : list) {
            // 从当前的数据 向右添加 
            // redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, integer);
            // 从当前的数据 向左添加 
            redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key, integer);
        }
    }

    2, 从 redis 中取出 list 数据：

    /**
     * 获取 list(获取 0 -10 索引的数据)
     * 
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Object getList(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, 0, 10);}

    3. 获取 redis 中 list 的长度：

    /**
     * 获取 list 指定 key 的长度
     * 
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Long getListSize(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForList().size(key);
    }

     


  5. 使用 RedisTemplate  操作 hash 类型的数据：
    1. 将 hash 存放到 redis 当中： 
    /**
     * 将 map 存放到 reids
     *
     * @param key
     */
    public void setHash(String key) {
        Map<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        //使用 RedisTemplate  有些情况会乱码
        hashMap.put("redis", "redis");
        hashMap.put("mysql", "mysql");
        for (Entry<String, String> keyValue : hashMap.entrySet()) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, keyValue.getKey(), keyValue.getValue());}
    }

    2. 将 hash 从 redis 当中取出来 根据具体的 key 取出具体的值：

    /**
     * 获取指定 key1 的值
     * 
     * @param key
     * @param key1
     * @return
     */
    public Object getHash(String key, String key1) {
        // 检测 是否 存在该键
        boolean isKey = redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(key, key1);
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, key1);
    }

    3. 将 key 中所有的值都取出来：

    /**
     * 获取指定 key 的所有值
     * 
     * @param key
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public Object getHash(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
    }

    4. 根据具体的 key 移除具体的值：

    /**
     * 根据具体 key 移除具体的值
     * 
     * @param key
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public void removeKey(String key, String key1) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, key1);
    }

    5. 移除 key 值 则 key 里面的所有值都被移除：

    public void removeStringKey(String key) {redisTemplate.delete(key);
    }

     

  6. 使用 RedisTemplate  操作 set 类型的数据：
    1.set 数据存入 redis 中 
        /**
     * set 存入 redis 中
     * 
     * @param key
     */
    public void setSet(String key) {
        Set<Object> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add("setKey");
        set.add("tesetKey");
        for (Object object : set) {redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, object);
        }
    }

    2. 从 redis 当中将 set 数据取出来：

    /**
     * 从 redis 中取出 set
     * 
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Object getSet(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
    }

     

  7. 使用 RedisTemplate  操作 sortset 类型的数据：
    1. 将 sortSet 存放到 redis 当中： 
    /**
     * sortset 存入 redis 中
     * 
     * @param key
     */
    public void setZSet(String key) {
        Set<Object> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add("setKey");
        set.add("tesetKey");
        int i = 0;
        for (Object object : set) {
            i++;
            redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(key, object, i);
        }
    }

    2. 将 sortset 从 redis 当中取出来的 API 有很多：

    /**
     * 从 redis 中取出 sortset
     * 
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Object getZSet(String key) {
        Long size = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().size(key);
        return redisTemplate.opsForZSet().rangeByScore(key, 0, size);}

     

  8. RedisTemplate 操作 5 种基本类型数据，有一些共同的 API 比如设置过期时间，和移除 key 的值, 判断 key 是否存在
    1 设置过期时间
    /**
     * 
     * 指定缓存失效时间
     * 
     * @param key
     *            键
     * 
     * @param time
     *            时间 (秒)
     * 
     * @return
     * 
     */

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">boolean</span> expire(String key, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">long</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> time) {
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (time &gt; 0<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
            redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">catch</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (Exception e) {

        e.printStackTrace();

        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    }

}</span></pre>

    2. 检测是否存在 key

    ： 
    /**
     * 
     * 判断 key 是否存在
     * 
     * @param key
     *            键
     * 
     * @return true 存在 false 不存在
     * 
     */

    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">boolean checkKey</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">(String key) {

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {

        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> redisTemplate.hasKey(key);

    } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">catch</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (Exception e) {

        e.printStackTrace();

        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    }

}</span></pre>

    3: 移除缓存

      /**
     * 移除 key
     * @param key
     */
    public void removeKey(String key) {redisTemplate.delete(key);
    }

     


  9. 掌握 redis，首先得掌握 reids 如何操作 5 种基本数据类型，5 种基本数据类型中 set 和 sortset 的区别需要特别注意，然后就是关于使用 RedisTemplate  可能乱码的问题，以及 StringRedisTemplate  的区别，