Spring Boot整合RabbitMQ
本文是作者原创, 版权归作者所有. 若要转载, 请注明出处.
本文 RabbitMQ 版本为 rabbitmq-server-3.7.17,erlang为 erlang-22.0.7. 请各位去官网查看版本匹配和下载, 也可以留言,我发安装包
在 Spring 项目中，可以使用 Spring-Rabbit 去操作 RabbitMQ https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp
尤其是在 spring boot 项目中只需要引入对应的 amqp 启动器依赖即可，方便的使用 RabbitTemplate 发送消息，使用注解接收消息。
搭建生产者工程
1. 创建工程
创建生产者工程 springboot-rabbitmq-producer
2. 添加依赖
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> </parent><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependencies</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"><!--</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 使用springmvc来进行测试 </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">--></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>spring-boot-starter-web<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"><!--</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">amqp的起步依赖</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">--></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>spring-boot-starter-amqp<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"><!--</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">单元测试类</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">--></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">groupId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"><</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span>spring-boot-starter-test<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">artifactId</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependency</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"></</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dependencies</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">></span></pre>
3. 启动类
@SpringBootApplication public class ProducerApplication {</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">static</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, args); }}
4. 配置 RabbitMQ
application.yml，内容如下：
#tomcat 端口 server: port: 8888 #Rabbitmq 的配置 spring: rabbitmq: host: 192.168.75.163 port: 5672 virtual-host: /hello username: test01 password: test01
创建 RabbitMQ 队列与交换机绑定的配置类 RabbitMQConfig
/** * RabbitMQ 配置类 */ @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { //交换机名称 public static final String ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "item_topic_exchange"; //队列名称 public static final String ITEM_QUEUE = "item_queue";</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">声明交换机</span> @Bean("itemTopicExchange"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exchange topicExchange(){ </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">).build(); } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">声明队列</span> @Bean("itemQueue"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Queue itemQueue(){ </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> QueueBuilder.durable(ITEM_QUEUE).build(); } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">绑定队列和交换机</span>@Bean
public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue,
@Qualifier("itemTopicExchange")Exchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs();
}}
5 消息发送 Controller
@RestController
public class SendMsgController {
// 注入 RabbitMQ 的模板
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 测试
*/
@GetMapping("/sendmsg")
public String sendMsg(@RequestParam String msg, @RequestParam String key){
/**
* 发送消息
* 参数一：交换机名称
* 参数二：路由 key: item.springboot-rabbitmq, 符合路由 item.# 规则即可
* 参数三：发送的消息
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE ,key ,msg);
// 返回消息
return "发送消息成功！";
}
}
6 发送消息
http://localhost:8888/sendmsg?msg=springboot-rabbitmq-producer&key=item.springboot-rabbitmq
查看结果
搭建消费者工程
1. 创建工程
创建消费者工程 springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
2. 添加依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies></pre>
3. 启动类
@SpringBootApplication public class ConsumerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);} }
4. 配置 RabbitMQ
application.yml，内容如下：
#端口, 注意端口不要冲突 server: port: 9999 #Rabbitmq 的配置 spring: rabbitmq: host: 192.168.75.163 port: 5672 virtual-host: /hello username: test01 password: test01
5. 消息监听处理类 MyListener
@Component
public class MyListener {
@RabbitListener(queues = "item_queue")
public void msg(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者消费消息了："+msg);
//TODO 这里可以做异步的工作
}
}
6. 测试 (消息内容为 test)
http://localhost:8888/sendmsg?msg=test&key=item.springboot-rabbitmq
查看结果