java之aop使用及自定义注解

目的:

  1.Java注解简介

  2.Java元注解(重点)

  3.自定义注解

      案例一(获取类与方法上的注解值)

      案例二(获取类属性上的注解属性值)

      案例三(获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值)

       4.Aop自定义注解的应用(重点)

 


 

Java 注解简介

1. Java注解(Annotation)

   Java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、

   运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。

   注解相关类都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。

 

2. Java注解分类

  2.1 JDK基本注解

  2.2 JDK元注解

  2.3 自定义注解

 

3. JDK基本注解

  3.1 @Override

      重写

 

  3.2 @Deprecated

      已过时

 

  3.3 @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")

 

      压制编辑器警告

 


 

Java元注解

  作用:元注解用于修饰其他的注解

  • @Retention:定义注解的保留策略

 

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)             // 注解仅存在于源码中,在 class 字节码文件中不包含
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)              // 默认的保留策略,注解会在 class 字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)            // 注解会在 class 字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

 

  • @Target:指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)

 

      @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      //接口、类
      @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     //属性
      @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                    //方法
      @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)                 //方法参数
      @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)               //构造函数
      @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)            //局部变量
      @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)           //注解
      @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)                   // 

 注:可以指定多个位置,例如:

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用

 

  • @Inherited:指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性

 

@Documented:指定被修饰的该 Annotation 可以被 javadoc 工具提取成文档.

 


自定义注解

注解分类(根据Annotation是否包含成员变量,可以把Annotation分为两类):

标记Annotation:

没有成员变量的Annotation; 这种Annotation仅利用自身的存在与否来提供信息

元数据Annotation:

 包含成员变量的Annotation; 它们可以接受(和提供)更多的元数据;

如何自定义注解?

使用@interface关键字, 其定义过程与定义接口非常类似, 需要注意的是:

   Annotation的成员变量在Annotation定义中是以无参的方法形式来声明的, 其方法名和返回值类型定义了该成员变量的名字和类型,

   而且我们还可以使用default关键字为这个成员变量设定默认值;

 

注意:只有名字为value”属性,赋值时可以省略属性名

 

案例一(获取类与方法上的注解值):

  TranscationModel

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;
/**
 * enum 枚举
 */
public enum  TranscationModel {Read, ReadWrite, Write}

  MyAnnotation1

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**

  • MyAnnotation1 注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
  • 注解运行期也保留
  • 不可继承
    */
    @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
    String name();
    }

  MyAnnotation2

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**

  • MyAnnotation2 注解可以用在方法上
  • 注解运行期也保留
  • 不可继承
    */
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
    TranscationModel model()
    default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
    }

   MyAnnotation3

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**

  • MyAnnotation3 注解可以用在方法上
  • 注解运行期也保留
  • 可继承
    */
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
    TranscationModel[] models()
    default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
    }

 Dome1

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;

/**

  • 获取类与方法上的注解值
    */
    @MyAnnotation1(name
    = "abc")
    public class Demo1 {

    @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
    private Integer age;

    @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
    public void list() {
    System.out.println(
    "list");
    }

    @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
    public void edit() {
    System.out.println(
    "edit");
    }
    }

Demo1Test

package com.huangting.annotation.P1;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Demo1Test {
    @Test
    public void list() throws Exception {
//        获取类上的注解
        MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
        System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc

// 获取方法上的注解
MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());
//Read
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> edit() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception {
    MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 </span>= Demo1.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span>.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
        System.out.println(model);</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">Read,Write</span>

}
}
}

效果:

 

 

 注意:

jar 包的运用中最好不要出现 test,把《scope》《/scope》删除即可

否则会报错 @Test 无法使用

 

案例二(获取类属性上的注解属性值)

TestAnnotation

package com.huangting.annotation.P2;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

//@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
String value()
default "默认 value 值";
String what()
default "这里是默认的 what 属性对应的值";
}

Dome2

package com.huangting.annotation.P2;

/**

  • 获取类属性上的注解属性值
    */
    public class Demo2 {
    @TestAnnotation(value
    = "这就是 value 对应的值 _msg1", what = "这就是 what 对应的值 _msg1")
    private static String msg1;

    @TestAnnotation("这就是 value 对应的值 1")
    private static String msg2;

    @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是 value 对应的值 2")
    private static String msg3;

    @TestAnnotation(what = "这就是 what 对应的值")
    private static String msg4;
    }

Demo2Test 
package com.huangting.annotation.P2;

import org.junit.Test;

public class Demo2Test {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
TestAnnotation msg1
= Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println(msg1.value());
System.out.println(msg1.what());
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> test2() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception{
    TestAnnotation msg2 </span>= Demo2.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span>.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    System.out.println(msg2.value());
    System.out.println(msg2.what());
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> test3() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception{
    TestAnnotation msg3 </span>= Demo2.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span>.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    System.out.println(msg3.value());
    System.out.println(msg3.what());
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> test4() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception{
    TestAnnotation msg4 </span>= Demo2.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span>.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    System.out.println(msg4.value());
    System.out.println(msg4.what());
}

}

效果:

 

案例三(获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值):

IsNotNull 
package com.huangting.annotation.P3;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**

  • 非空注解:使用在方法的参数上,false 表示此参数可以为空,true 不能为空
    */
    @Documented
    @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    public @interface IsNotNull {
    boolean value() default false;
    }
Demo3 
package com.huangting.annotation.P3;

/**

  • 获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值
    */
    public class Demo3 {

    public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true)String name) {
    System.out.println(
    "hello:" + name);
    }

    public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
    System.out.println(
    "hello:" + name);
    }
    }

Demo3Test 
package com.huangting.annotation.P3;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
public class Demo3Test {
@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> hello1() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception {
    Demo3 demo3 </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Demo3();
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">).getParameters()) {
        IsNotNull annotation </span>= parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span>(annotation != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">){
            System.out.println(annotation.value());</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">true</span>

}
}
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> hello2() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Exception {
    Demo3 demo3 </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Demo3();
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">for</span> (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">).getParameters()) {
        IsNotNull annotation </span>= parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span>(annotation != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">){
            System.out.println(annotation.value());</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">false</span>

}
}
}
}

效果:

 

 

 


Aop自定义注解的应用

  MyLog 

package com.huangting.annotation.Aop;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyLog {
String desc();
}

 

MyLogAspect 
package com.huangting.annotation.Aop;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Aspect
public class MyLogAspect {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);

</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">/**</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
 * 只要用到了com.huangting.annotation.Aop.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
 </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">*/</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
@Pointcut(</span>"@annotation(com.huangting.annotation.Aop.MyLog)"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> MyValid() {
}

@Before(</span>"MyValid()"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
    MethodSignature signature </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
    MyLog myLog </span>= signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">class</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    System.out.println(</span>"[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
    System.out.println(</span>"【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:"+<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">myLog.desc());
}

}

BaseTestCase 
package com.huangting.annotation.Aop;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations
={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class BaseTestCase {

}

LogController 
package com.huangting.annotation.Aop;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class LogController {

@MyLog(desc </span>= "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> testLogAspect(){
    System.out.println(</span>"墙头马上遥相顾"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
}

}

LogControllerTest 
package com.huangting.annotation.Aop;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class LogControllerTest extends BaseTestCase {
@Autowired
private LogController logController;

@Test
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> testLogAspect(){
    logController.testLogAspect();
}

}

效果:

 

 

谢谢观看!